What does the potential energy formula PE = mgh calculate?

The potential energy formula PE = mgh calculates the stored energy based on an object's height above a reference point, typically the ground. In this formula, PE represents potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s² on Earth), and h is the height of the object above the reference point.

Potential energy is typically associated with the position of an object in a gravitational field. When an object is raised to a certain height, it gains potential energy because gravity is acting on it, and this energy can potentially be converted into kinetic energy if the object is allowed to fall. This concept is central in understanding energy conservation within physics, especially in scenarios like pendulums, roller coasters, and other systems where height variations play a crucial role.

The other options pertain to different concepts in physics. The force exerted by gravity relates to gravitational force and is a separate calculation. The work done by an object in motion involves the transfer of energy due to displacement and can involve different formulas depending on the context, while the energy of an object's rotation pertains to rotational kinetic energy, which is calculated differently. Therefore, the focus on height and gravitational force confirms that the correct interpretation of