What is a primary purpose of a breeder reactor in nuclear power generation?

A breeder reactor's primary purpose is to produce more fissile material than it actively consumes during the nuclear fission process. This is achieved through the reactor's ability to convert fertile material, such as uranium-238 or thorium-232, into fissile material, typically plutonium-239 or uranium-233, respectively. As a result, breeder reactors can extend the fuel supply for nuclear reactors and enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy, making them a critical component in the advancement of nuclear power technology.

Breeder reactors differ from traditional thermal reactors, which primarily consume fissile material without generating additional fuel. The production of excess fissile material means that breeder reactors can potentially create a self-sustaining cycle of nuclear fuel generation, thereby promoting long-term energy security and reducing the need for continuous mining and processing of uranium or thorium resources. This unique characteristic is what distinguishes breeder reactors and underscores their significance in the context of nuclear power generation.